Rocks, soil, water, and anything on the ground become warmer as a result. These materials emit the absorbed solar energy as infrared, wavelengths longer than the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum.
This longer-wavelength infrared energy has a frequency that matches some of the natural frequencies of vibration of carbon dioxide and water molecules.
This match means that carbon dioxide and water molecules readily absorb infrared energy that is emitted from the surface of Earth.
The absorbed infrared energy shows up as increased kinetic energy of the molecules, which is indicated by an increase in temperature.
Carbon dioxide and water vapor molecules in atmosphere now emit energy at infrared wavelengths of their own, this time in all directions.
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